9 files changed, 1180 insertions, 0 deletions

diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OAIdl.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OAIdl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76f5b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OAIdl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub header to satisfy d3d12.h include
+#pragma once
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OCIdl.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OCIdl.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76f5b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/OCIdl.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub header to satisfy d3d12.h include
+#pragma once
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpc.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpc.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..76f5b5f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpc.h
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub header to satisfy d3d12.h include
+#pragma once
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpcndr.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpcndr.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5b5f2e8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/rpcndr.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub header to satisfy d3d12.h include
+#pragma once
+#define __RPCNDR_H_VERSION__
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/winapifamily.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/winapifamily.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..064c4c2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/winapifamily.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub header to satisfy d3d12.h include. Unconditionally light up all APIs.
+#pragma once
+#define WINAPI_FAMILY_PARTITION(Partitions) 1
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/client.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/client.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..43e7d0b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/client.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub to satisfy d3dx12.h include
+#pragma once
+#include "../wrladapter.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/implements.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/implements.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fb2bebc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/stubs/wrl/implements.h
@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+// Stub to satisfy DML TF runtime includes
+#pragma once
+#include "wrladapter.h"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/winadapter.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/winadapter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..8400f4a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/winadapter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,340 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+// These #defines prevent the idl-generated headers from trying to include
+// Windows.h from the SDK rather than this one.
+#define RPC_NO_WINDOWS_H
+#define COM_NO_WINDOWS_H
+
+// Allcaps type definitions
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <limits.h>
+
+// Note: using fixed-width here to match Windows widths
+// Specifically this is different for 'long' vs 'LONG'
+typedef uint8_t UINT8;
+typedef int8_t INT8;
+typedef uint16_t UINT16;
+typedef int16_t INT16;
+typedef uint32_t UINT32, UINT, ULONG, DWORD, BOOL;
+typedef int32_t INT32, INT, LONG;
+typedef uint64_t UINT64, ULONG_PTR;
+typedef int64_t INT64, LONG_PTR;
+typedef void VOID, *HANDLE, *RPC_IF_HANDLE, *LPVOID;
+typedef const void *LPCVOID;
+typedef size_t SIZE_T;
+typedef float FLOAT;
+typedef double DOUBLE;
+typedef unsigned char BYTE;
+typedef int HWND;
+
+// Note: WCHAR is not the same between Windows and Linux, to enable
+// string manipulation APIs to work with resulting strings.
+// APIs to D3D/DXCore will work on Linux wchars, but beware with
+// interactions directly with the Windows kernel.
+typedef char CHAR, *PSTR, *LPSTR, TCHAR, *PTSTR;
+typedef const char *LPCSTR, *PCSTR, *LPCTSTR, *PCTSTR;
+typedef wchar_t WCHAR, *PWSTR, *LPWSTR, *PWCHAR;
+typedef const wchar_t *LPCWSTR, *PCWSTR;
+
+#undef LONG_MAX
+#define LONG_MAX INT_MAX
+#undef ULONG_MAX
+#define ULONG_MAX UINT_MAX
+
+// Misc defines
+#define interface struct
+#define MIDL_INTERFACE(x) interface
+#define __analysis_assume(x)
+#define TRUE 1u
+#define FALSE 0u
+#define DECLARE_INTERFACE(iface)                interface iface
+#define PURE = 0
+#define THIS_
+#define DECLSPEC_UUID(x)
+#define DECLSPEC_NOVTABLE
+#define DECLSPEC_SELECTANY
+#define EXTERN_C extern "C"
+
+typedef struct _GUID {
+    uint32_t Data1;
+    uint16_t Data2;
+    uint16_t Data3;
+    uint8_t  Data4[ 8 ];
+} GUID;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#ifdef INITGUID
+#define DEFINE_GUID(name, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8) extern "C" const GUID name = { l, w1, w2, { b1, b2,  b3,  b4,  b5,  b6,  b7,  b8 } }
+#else
+#define DEFINE_GUID(name, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8) extern "C" const GUID name
+#endif
+
+template <typename T> GUID uuidof() = delete;
+template <typename T> GUID uuidof(T*) { return uuidof<T>(); }
+template <typename T> GUID uuidof(T**) { return uuidof<T>(); }
+template <typename T> GUID uuidof(T&) { return uuidof<T>(); }
+#define __uuidof(x) uuidof(x)
+#else
+#ifdef INITGUID
+#define DEFINE_GUID(name, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8) const GUID name = { l, w1, w2, { b1, b2,  b3,  b4,  b5,  b6,  b7,  b8 } }
+#else
+#define DEFINE_GUID(name, l, w1, w2, b1, b2, b3, b4, b5, b6, b7, b8) extern const GUID name
+#endif
+#endif
+
+typedef GUID IID;
+typedef GUID UUID;
+typedef GUID CLSID;
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+#define REFGUID const GUID &
+#define REFIID const IID &
+#define REFCLSID const IID &
+
+__inline int InlineIsEqualGUID(REFGUID rguid1, REFGUID rguid2)
+{
+    return (
+        ((uint32_t *)&rguid1)[0] == ((uint32_t *)&rguid2)[0] &&
+        ((uint32_t *)&rguid1)[1] == ((uint32_t *)&rguid2)[1] &&
+        ((uint32_t *)&rguid1)[2] == ((uint32_t *)&rguid2)[2] &&
+        ((uint32_t *)&rguid1)[3] == ((uint32_t *)&rguid2)[3]);
+}
+#else
+#define REFGUID const GUID *
+#define REFIID const IID *
+#define REFCLSID const IID *
+#endif
+
+// SAL annotations
+#define _In_
+#define _In_z_
+#define _In_opt_
+#define _In_opt_z_
+#define _In_reads_(x)
+#define _In_reads_opt_(x)
+#define _In_reads_bytes_(x)
+#define _In_reads_bytes_opt_(x)
+#define _In_range_(x, y)
+#define _In_bytecount_(x)
+#define _Out_
+#define _Out_opt_
+#define _Outptr_
+#define _Outptr_opt_result_z_
+#define _Outptr_opt_result_bytebuffer_(x)
+#define _COM_Outptr_
+#define _COM_Outptr_result_maybenull_
+#define _COM_Outptr_opt_
+#define _COM_Outptr_opt_result_maybenull_
+#define _Out_writes_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_z_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_opt_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_all_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_all_opt_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_to_opt_(x, y)
+#define _Out_writes_bytes_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_bytes_all_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_bytes_all_opt_(x)
+#define _Out_writes_bytes_opt_(x)
+#define _Inout_
+#define _Inout_opt_
+#define _Inout_updates_(x)
+#define _Inout_updates_bytes_(x)
+#define _Field_size_(x)
+#define _Field_size_opt_(x)
+#define _Field_size_bytes_(x)
+#define _Field_size_full_(x)
+#define _Field_size_bytes_full_(x)
+#define _Field_size_bytes_full_opt_(x)
+#define _Field_size_bytes_part_(x, y)
+#define _Field_range_(x, y)
+#define _Field_z_
+#define _Check_return_
+#define _IRQL_requires_(x)
+#define _IRQL_requires_min_(x)
+#define _IRQL_requires_max_(x)
+#define _At_(x, y)
+#define _Always_(x)
+#define _Return_type_success_(x)
+#define _Translates_Win32_to_HRESULT_(x)
+#define _Maybenull_
+#define _Outptr_result_maybenull_
+#define _Outptr_result_nullonfailure_
+#define _Analysis_assume_(x)
+#define _Success_(x)
+#define _In_count_(x)
+#define _In_opt_count_(x)
+#define _Use_decl_annotations_
+
+// Calling conventions
+#define __cdecl
+#define __stdcall
+#define STDMETHODCALLTYPE
+#define STDAPICALLTYPE
+#define STDAPI extern "C" HRESULT STDAPICALLTYPE
+#define WINAPI
+#define STDMETHOD(name) virtual HRESULT name
+#define STDMETHOD_(type,name) virtual type name
+#define IFACEMETHOD(method) /*__override*/ STDMETHOD(method)
+#define IFACEMETHOD_(type, method) /*__override*/ STDMETHOD_(type, method)
+
+// Error codes
+typedef LONG HRESULT;
+#define SUCCEEDED(hr)  (((HRESULT)(hr)) >= 0)
+#define FAILED(hr)     (((HRESULT)(hr)) < 0)
+#define S_OK           ((HRESULT)0L)
+#define S_FALSE        ((HRESULT)1L)
+#define E_NOTIMPL      ((HRESULT)0x80000001L)
+#define E_OUTOFMEMORY  ((HRESULT)0x80000002L)
+#define E_INVALIDARG   ((HRESULT)0x80000003L)
+#define E_NOINTERFACE  ((HRESULT)0x80000004L)
+#define E_POINTER      ((HRESULT)0x80000005L)
+#define E_HANDLE       ((HRESULT)0x80000006L)
+#define E_ABORT        ((HRESULT)0x80000007L)
+#define E_FAIL         ((HRESULT)0x80000008L)
+#define E_ACCESSDENIED ((HRESULT)0x80000009L)
+#define E_UNEXPECTED   ((HRESULT)0x8000FFFFL)
+#define DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_HUNG ((HRESULT)0x887A0006L)
+#define DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_REMOVED ((HRESULT)0x887A0005L)
+#define DXGI_ERROR_DEVICE_RESET ((HRESULT)0x887A0007L)
+#define DXGI_ERROR_DRIVER_INTERNAL_ERROR ((HRESULT)0x887A0020L)
+#define DXGI_ERROR_INVALID_CALL ((HRESULT)0x887A0001L)
+
+typedef struct _LUID 
+{
+    ULONG LowPart;
+    LONG HighPart;
+} LUID;
+
+struct RECT
+{
+    int left;
+    int top;
+    int right;
+    int bottom;
+};
+
+typedef union _LARGE_INTEGER {
+  struct {
+    uint32_t LowPart;
+    uint32_t HighPart;
+  } u;
+  int64_t QuadPart;
+} LARGE_INTEGER;
+
+typedef union _ULARGE_INTEGER {
+  struct {
+    uint32_t LowPart;
+    uint32_t HighPart;
+  } u;
+  uint64_t QuadPart;
+} ULARGE_INTEGER;
+
+struct SECURITY_ATTRIBUTES;
+struct STATSTG;
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+// ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS
+// Define operator overloads to enable bit operations on enum values that are
+// used to define flags. Use DEFINE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(YOUR_TYPE) to enable these
+// operators on YOUR_TYPE.
+extern "C++" {
+    template <size_t S>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE;
+
+    template <>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE<1>
+    {
+        typedef int8_t type;
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE<2>
+    {
+        typedef int16_t type;
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE<4>
+    {
+        typedef int32_t type;
+    };
+
+    template <>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE<8>
+    {
+        typedef int64_t type;
+    };
+
+    // used as an approximation of std::underlying_type<T>
+    template <class T>
+    struct _ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER
+    {
+        typedef typename _ENUM_FLAG_INTEGER_FOR_SIZE<sizeof(T)>::type type;
+    };
+
+}
+#define DEFINE_ENUM_FLAG_OPERATORS(ENUMTYPE) \
+extern "C++" { \
+inline constexpr ENUMTYPE operator | (ENUMTYPE a, ENUMTYPE b) { return ENUMTYPE(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)a) | ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+inline ENUMTYPE &operator |= (ENUMTYPE &a, ENUMTYPE b) { return (ENUMTYPE &)(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type &)a) |= ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+inline constexpr ENUMTYPE operator & (ENUMTYPE a, ENUMTYPE b) { return ENUMTYPE(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)a) & ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+inline ENUMTYPE &operator &= (ENUMTYPE &a, ENUMTYPE b) { return (ENUMTYPE &)(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type &)a) &= ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+inline constexpr ENUMTYPE operator ~ (ENUMTYPE a) { return ENUMTYPE(~((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)a)); } \
+inline constexpr ENUMTYPE operator ^ (ENUMTYPE a, ENUMTYPE b) { return ENUMTYPE(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)a) ^ ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+inline ENUMTYPE &operator ^= (ENUMTYPE &a, ENUMTYPE b) { return (ENUMTYPE &)(((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type &)a) ^= ((_ENUM_FLAG_SIZED_INTEGER<ENUMTYPE>::type)b)); } \
+}
+#endif
+
+// D3DX12 uses these
+#include <stdlib.h>
+#define HeapAlloc(heap, flags, size) malloc(size)
+#define HeapFree(heap, flags, ptr) free(ptr)
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+// IUnknown
+
+interface DECLSPEC_UUID("00000000-0000-0000-C000-000000000046") DECLSPEC_NOVTABLE IUnknown
+{
+   virtual HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(REFIID riid, void **ppvObject) = 0;
+   virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE AddRef() = 0;
+   virtual ULONG STDMETHODCALLTYPE Release() = 0;
+   
+   template <class Q> HRESULT STDMETHODCALLTYPE QueryInterface(Q** pp) {
+       return QueryInterface(uuidof<Q>(), (void **)pp);
+   }
+};
+
+template <> constexpr GUID uuidof<IUnknown>()
+{
+    return { 0x00000000, 0x0000, 0x0000, { 0xC0, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x46 } };
+}
+
+extern "C++"
+{
+    template<typename T> void** IID_PPV_ARGS_Helper(T** pp)
+    {
+        static_cast<IUnknown*>(*pp);
+        return reinterpret_cast<void**>(pp);
+    }
+}
+
+#define IID_PPV_ARGS(ppType) __uuidof(**(ppType)), IID_PPV_ARGS_Helper(ppType)
+#endif
+
+#if defined(lint)
+// Note: lint -e530 says don't complain about uninitialized variables for
+// this variable.  Error 527 has to do with unreachable code.
+// -restore restores checking to the -save state
+#define UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(P) \
+    /*lint -save -e527 -e530 */ \
+    { \
+        (P) = (P); \
+    } \
+    /*lint -restore */
+#else
+#define UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER(P) (P)
+#endif
diff --git a/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/wrladapter.h b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/wrladapter.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..883ecab
--- /dev/null
+++ b/contrib/DirectX-Headers/include/wsl/wrladapter.h
@@ -0,0 +1,801 @@
+// Copyright (c) Microsoft Corporation.
+// Licensed under the MIT License.
+
+#pragma once
+
+#include "winadapter.h"
+
+// defined by winadapter.h and needed by some windows headers, but conflicts
+// with some libc++ implementation headers
+#ifdef __in
+#undef __in
+#endif
+#ifdef __out
+#undef __out
+#endif
+
+#include <type_traits>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <memory>
+#include <climits>
+#include <cassert>
+
+namespace Microsoft
+{
+namespace WRL
+{
+    namespace Details
+    {
+        struct BoolStruct { int Member; };
+        typedef int BoolStruct::* BoolType;
+
+        template <typename T> // T should be the ComPtr<T> or a derived type of it, not just the interface
+        class ComPtrRefBase
+        {
+        public:
+            typedef typename T::InterfaceType InterfaceType;
+
+            operator IUnknown**() const throw()
+            {
+                static_assert(__is_base_of(IUnknown, InterfaceType), "Invalid cast: InterfaceType does not derive from IUnknown");
+                return reinterpret_cast<IUnknown**>(ptr_->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf());
+            }
+
+        protected:
+            T* ptr_;
+        };
+
+        template <typename T>
+        class ComPtrRef : public Details::ComPtrRefBase<T> // T should be the ComPtr<T> or a derived type of it, not just the interface
+        {
+            using Super = Details::ComPtrRefBase<T>;
+            using InterfaceType = typename Super::InterfaceType;
+        public:
+            ComPtrRef(_In_opt_ T* ptr) throw()
+            {
+                this->ptr_ = ptr;
+            }
+
+            // Conversion operators
+            operator void**() const throw()
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<void**>(this->ptr_->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf());
+            }
+
+            // This is our operator ComPtr<U> (or the latest derived class from ComPtr (e.g. WeakRef))
+            operator T*() throw()
+            {
+                *this->ptr_ = nullptr;
+                return this->ptr_;
+            }
+
+            // We define operator InterfaceType**() here instead of on ComPtrRefBase<T>, since
+            // if InterfaceType is IUnknown or IInspectable, having it on the base will collide.
+            operator InterfaceType**() throw()
+            {
+                return this->ptr_->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf();
+            }
+
+            // This is used for IID_PPV_ARGS in order to do __uuidof(**(ppType)).
+            // It does not need to clear  ptr_ at this point, it is done at IID_PPV_ARGS_Helper(ComPtrRef&) later in this file.
+            InterfaceType* operator *() throw()
+            {
+                return this->ptr_->Get();
+            }
+
+            // Explicit functions
+            InterfaceType* const * GetAddressOf() const throw()
+            {
+                return this->ptr_->GetAddressOf();
+            }
+
+            InterfaceType** ReleaseAndGetAddressOf() throw()
+            {
+                return this->ptr_->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf();
+            }
+        };
+    }
+
+    template <typename T>
+    class ComPtr
+    {
+    public:
+        typedef T InterfaceType;
+
+    protected:
+        InterfaceType *ptr_;
+        template<class U> friend class ComPtr;
+
+        void InternalAddRef() const throw()
+        {
+            if (ptr_ != nullptr)
+            {
+                ptr_->AddRef();
+            }
+        }
+
+        unsigned long InternalRelease() throw()
+        {
+            unsigned long ref = 0;
+            T* temp = ptr_;
+
+            if (temp != nullptr)
+            {
+                ptr_ = nullptr;
+                ref = temp->Release();
+            }
+
+            return ref;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        ComPtr() throw() : ptr_(nullptr)
+        {
+        }
+
+        ComPtr(decltype(nullptr)) throw() : ptr_(nullptr)
+        {
+        }
+
+        template<class U>
+        ComPtr(_In_opt_ U *other) throw() : ptr_(other)
+        {
+            InternalAddRef();
+        }
+
+        ComPtr(const ComPtr& other) throw() : ptr_(other.ptr_)
+        {
+            InternalAddRef();
+        }
+
+        // copy constructor that allows to instantiate class when U* is convertible to T*
+        template<class U>
+        ComPtr(const ComPtr<U> &other, typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U*, T*>::value, void *>::type * = 0) throw() :
+            ptr_(other.ptr_)
+        {
+            InternalAddRef();
+        }
+
+        ComPtr(_Inout_ ComPtr &&other) throw() : ptr_(nullptr)
+        {
+            if (this != reinterpret_cast<ComPtr*>(&reinterpret_cast<unsigned char&>(other)))
+            {
+                Swap(other);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Move constructor that allows instantiation of a class when U* is convertible to T*
+        template<class U>
+        ComPtr(_Inout_ ComPtr<U>&& other, typename std::enable_if<std::is_convertible<U*, T*>::value, void *>::type * = 0) throw() :
+            ptr_(other.ptr_)
+        {
+            other.ptr_ = nullptr;
+        }
+
+        ~ComPtr() throw()
+        {
+            InternalRelease();
+        }
+
+        ComPtr& operator=(decltype(nullptr)) throw()
+        {
+            InternalRelease();
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ComPtr& operator=(_In_opt_ T *other) throw()
+        {
+            if (ptr_ != other)
+            {
+                ComPtr(other).Swap(*this);
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template <typename U>
+        ComPtr& operator=(_In_opt_ U *other) throw()
+        {
+            ComPtr(other).Swap(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ComPtr& operator=(const ComPtr &other) throw()
+        {
+            if (ptr_ != other.ptr_)
+            {
+                ComPtr(other).Swap(*this);
+            }
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template<class U>
+        ComPtr& operator=(const ComPtr<U>& other) throw()
+        {
+            ComPtr(other).Swap(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        ComPtr& operator=(_Inout_ ComPtr &&other) throw()
+        {
+            ComPtr(static_cast<ComPtr&&>(other)).Swap(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        template<class U>
+        ComPtr& operator=(_Inout_ ComPtr<U>&& other) throw()
+        {
+            ComPtr(static_cast<ComPtr<U>&&>(other)).Swap(*this);
+            return *this;
+        }
+
+        void Swap(_Inout_ ComPtr&& r) throw()
+        {
+            T* tmp = ptr_;
+            ptr_ = r.ptr_;
+            r.ptr_ = tmp;
+        }
+
+        void Swap(_Inout_ ComPtr& r) throw()
+        {
+            T* tmp = ptr_;
+            ptr_ = r.ptr_;
+            r.ptr_ = tmp;
+        }
+
+        operator Details::BoolType() const throw()
+        {
+            return Get() != nullptr ? &Details::BoolStruct::Member : nullptr;
+        }
+
+        T* Get() const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_;
+        }
+
+        InterfaceType* operator->() const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_;
+        }
+
+        Details::ComPtrRef<ComPtr<T>> operator&() throw()
+        {
+            return Details::ComPtrRef<ComPtr<T>>(this);
+        }
+
+        const Details::ComPtrRef<const ComPtr<T>> operator&() const throw()
+        {
+            return Details::ComPtrRef<const ComPtr<T>>(this);
+        }
+
+        T* const* GetAddressOf() const throw()
+        {
+            return &ptr_;
+        }
+
+        T** GetAddressOf() throw()
+        {
+            return &ptr_;
+        }
+
+        T** ReleaseAndGetAddressOf() throw()
+        {
+            InternalRelease();
+            return &ptr_;
+        }
+
+        T* Detach() throw()
+        {
+            T* ptr = ptr_;
+            ptr_ = nullptr;
+            return ptr;
+        }
+
+        void Attach(_In_opt_ InterfaceType* other) throw()
+        {
+            if (ptr_ != nullptr)
+            {
+                auto ref = ptr_->Release();
+                // DBG_UNREFERENCED_LOCAL_VARIABLE(ref);
+                // Attaching to the same object only works if duplicate references are being coalesced. Otherwise
+                // re-attaching will cause the pointer to be released and may cause a crash on a subsequent dereference.
+                assert(ref != 0 || ptr_ != other);
+            }
+
+            ptr_ = other;
+        }
+
+        unsigned long Reset()
+        {
+            return InternalRelease();
+        }
+
+        // Previously, unsafe behavior could be triggered when 'this' is ComPtr<IInspectable> or ComPtr<IUnknown> and CopyTo is used to copy to another type U. 
+        // The user will use operator& to convert the destination into a ComPtrRef, which can then implicit cast to IInspectable** and IUnknown**. 
+        // If this overload of CopyTo is not present, it will implicitly cast to IInspectable or IUnknown and match CopyTo(InterfaceType**) instead.
+        // A valid polymoprhic downcast requires run-time type checking via QueryInterface, so CopyTo(InterfaceType**) will break type safety.
+        // This overload matches ComPtrRef before the implicit cast takes place, preventing the unsafe downcast.
+        template <typename U>
+        HRESULT CopyTo(Details::ComPtrRef<ComPtr<U>> ptr, typename std::enable_if<
+            (std::is_same<T, IUnknown>::value)
+            && !std::is_same<U*, T*>::value, void *>::type * = 0) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(uuidof<U>(), ptr);
+        }
+
+        HRESULT CopyTo(_Outptr_result_maybenull_ InterfaceType** ptr) const throw()
+        {
+            InternalAddRef();
+            *ptr = ptr_;
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+
+        HRESULT CopyTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_result_nullonfailure_ void** ptr) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(riid, ptr);
+        }
+
+        template<typename U>
+        HRESULT CopyTo(_Outptr_result_nullonfailure_ U** ptr) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(uuidof<U>(), reinterpret_cast<void**>(ptr));
+        }
+
+        // query for U interface
+        template<typename U>
+        HRESULT As(_Inout_ Details::ComPtrRef<ComPtr<U>> p) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(uuidof<U>(), p);
+        }
+
+        // query for U interface
+        template<typename U>
+        HRESULT As(_Out_ ComPtr<U>* p) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(uuidof<U>(), reinterpret_cast<void**>(p->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));
+        }
+
+        // query for riid interface and return as IUnknown
+        HRESULT AsIID(REFIID riid, _Out_ ComPtr<IUnknown>* p) const throw()
+        {
+            return ptr_->QueryInterface(riid, reinterpret_cast<void**>(p->ReleaseAndGetAddressOf()));
+        }
+
+    };    // ComPtr
+
+
+    namespace Details
+    {
+        // Empty struct used as default template parameter
+        class Nil
+        {
+        };
+
+        // Empty struct used for validating template parameter types in Implements
+        struct ImplementsBase
+        {
+        };
+
+        class RuntimeClassBase
+        {
+        protected:
+            template<typename T>
+            static HRESULT AsIID(_In_ T* implements, REFIID riid, _Outptr_result_nullonfailure_ void **ppvObject) noexcept
+            {
+                *ppvObject = nullptr;
+                bool isRefDelegated = false;
+                // Prefer InlineIsEqualGUID over other forms since it's better perf on 4-byte aligned data, which is almost always the case.
+                if (InlineIsEqualGUID(riid, uuidof<IUnknown>()))
+                {
+                    *ppvObject = implements->CastToUnknown();
+                    static_cast<IUnknown*>(*ppvObject)->AddRef();
+                    return S_OK;
+                }
+
+                HRESULT hr = implements->CanCastTo(riid, ppvObject, &isRefDelegated);
+                if (SUCCEEDED(hr) && !isRefDelegated)
+                {
+                    static_cast<IUnknown*>(*ppvObject)->AddRef();
+                }
+
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(push)
+#pragma warning(disable: 6102) // '*ppvObject' is used but may not be initialized
+#endif
+                _Analysis_assume_(SUCCEEDED(hr) || (*ppvObject == nullptr));
+#ifdef _MSC_VER
+#pragma warning(pop)
+#endif
+                return hr;
+            }
+
+        public:
+            HRESULT RuntimeClassInitialize() noexcept
+            {
+                return S_OK;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Interface traits provides casting and filling iids methods helpers
+        template<typename I0>
+        struct InterfaceTraits
+        {
+            typedef I0 Base;
+
+            template<typename T>
+            static Base* CastToBase(_In_ T* ptr) noexcept
+            {
+                return static_cast<Base*>(ptr);
+            }
+
+            template<typename T>
+            static IUnknown* CastToUnknown(_In_ T* ptr) noexcept
+            {
+                return static_cast<IUnknown*>(static_cast<Base*>(ptr));
+            }
+
+            template <typename T>
+            _Success_(return == true)
+                static bool CanCastTo(_In_ T* ptr, REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv) noexcept
+            {
+                // Prefer InlineIsEqualGUID over other forms since it's better perf on 4-byte aligned data, which is almost always the case.
+                if (InlineIsEqualGUID(riid, uuidof<Base>()))
+                {
+                    *ppv = static_cast<Base*>(ptr);
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Specialization for Nil parameter
+        template<>
+        struct InterfaceTraits<Nil>
+        {
+            typedef Nil Base;
+
+            template <typename T>
+            _Success_(return == true)
+                static bool CanCastTo(_In_ T*, REFIID, _Outptr_ void **) noexcept
+            {
+                return false;
+            }
+        };
+
+        // ChainInterfaces - template allows specifying a derived COM interface along with its class hierarchy to allow QI for the base interfaces
+        template <typename I0, typename I1, typename I2 = Nil, typename I3 = Nil,
+            typename I4 = Nil, typename I5 = Nil, typename I6 = Nil,
+            typename I7 = Nil, typename I8 = Nil, typename I9 = Nil>
+            struct ChainInterfaces : I0
+        {
+        protected:
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv) throw()
+            {
+                typename InterfaceTraits<I0>::Base* ptr = InterfaceTraits<I0>::CastToBase(this);
+
+                return (InterfaceTraits<I0>::CanCastTo(this, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I1>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I2>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I3>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I4>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I5>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I6>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I7>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I8>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv) ||
+                    InterfaceTraits<I9>::CanCastTo(ptr, riid, ppv)) ? S_OK : E_NOINTERFACE;
+            }
+
+            IUnknown* CastToUnknown() throw()
+            {
+                return InterfaceTraits<I0>::CastToUnknown(this);
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Helper template used by Implements. This template traverses a list of interfaces and adds them as base class and information
+        // to enable QI.
+        template <typename ...TInterfaces>
+        struct ImplementsHelper;
+
+        template <typename T>
+        struct ImplementsMarker
+        {};
+
+        template <typename I0, bool isImplements>
+        struct MarkImplements;
+
+        template <typename I0>
+        struct MarkImplements<I0, false>
+        {
+            typedef I0 Type;
+        };
+
+        template <typename I0>
+        struct MarkImplements<I0, true>
+        {
+            typedef ImplementsMarker<I0> Type;
+        };
+
+        // AdjustImplements pre-processes the type list for more efficient builds.
+        template <typename ...Bases>
+        struct AdjustImplements;
+
+        template <typename I0, typename ...Bases>
+        struct AdjustImplements<I0, Bases...>
+        {
+            typedef ImplementsHelper<typename MarkImplements<I0, std::is_base_of<ImplementsBase, I0>::value>::Type, Bases...> Type;
+        };
+
+        // Use AdjustImplements to remove instances of "Nil" from the type list.
+        template <typename ...Bases>
+        struct AdjustImplements<Nil, Bases...>
+        {
+            typedef typename AdjustImplements<Bases...>::Type Type;
+        };
+
+        template <>
+        struct AdjustImplements<>
+        {
+            typedef ImplementsHelper<> Type;
+        };
+
+        // Specialization handles unadorned interfaces
+        template <typename I0, typename ...TInterfaces>
+        struct ImplementsHelper<I0, TInterfaces...> :
+            I0,
+            AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type
+        {
+            template <typename ...> friend struct ImplementsHelper;
+            friend class RuntimeClassBase;
+
+        protected:
+
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv, bool *pRefDelegated = nullptr) noexcept
+            {
+                // Prefer InlineIsEqualGUID over other forms since it's better perf on 4-byte aligned data, which is almost always the case.
+                if (InlineIsEqualGUID(riid, uuidof<I0>()))
+                {
+                    *ppv = reinterpret_cast<I0*>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(this));
+                    return S_OK;
+                }
+                return AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type::CanCastTo(riid, ppv, pRefDelegated);
+            }
+
+            IUnknown* CastToUnknown() noexcept
+            {
+                return reinterpret_cast<I0*>(reinterpret_cast<void*>(this));
+            }
+        };
+
+
+        // Selector is used to "tag" base interfaces to be used in casting, since a runtime class may indirectly derive from 
+        // the same interface or Implements<> template multiple times
+        template <typename base, typename disciminator>
+        struct  Selector : public base
+        {
+        };
+
+        // Specialization handles types that derive from ImplementsHelper (e.g. nested Implements).
+        template <typename I0, typename ...TInterfaces>
+        struct ImplementsHelper<ImplementsMarker<I0>, TInterfaces...> :
+            Selector<I0, ImplementsHelper<ImplementsMarker<I0>, TInterfaces...>>,
+            Selector<typename AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type, ImplementsHelper<ImplementsMarker<I0>, TInterfaces...>>
+        {
+            template <typename ...> friend struct ImplementsHelper;
+            friend class RuntimeClassBase;
+
+        protected:
+            typedef Selector<I0, ImplementsHelper<ImplementsMarker<I0>, TInterfaces...>> CurrentType;
+            typedef Selector<typename AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type, ImplementsHelper<ImplementsMarker<I0>, TInterfaces...>> BaseType;
+
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv, bool *pRefDelegated = nullptr) noexcept
+            {
+                HRESULT hr = CurrentType::CanCastTo(riid, ppv);
+                if (hr == E_NOINTERFACE)
+                {
+                    hr = BaseType::CanCastTo(riid, ppv, pRefDelegated);
+                }
+                return hr;
+            }
+
+            IUnknown* CastToUnknown() noexcept
+            {
+                // First in list wins.
+                return CurrentType::CastToUnknown();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // terminal case specialization.
+        template <>
+        struct ImplementsHelper<>
+        {
+            template <typename ...> friend struct ImplementsHelper;
+            friend class RuntimeClassBase;
+
+        protected:
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(_In_ REFIID /*riid*/, _Outptr_ void ** /*ppv*/, bool * /*pRefDelegated*/ = nullptr) noexcept
+            {
+                return E_NOINTERFACE;
+            }
+
+            // IUnknown* CastToUnknown() noexcept; // not defined for terminal case.
+        };
+
+        // Specialization handles chaining interfaces
+        template <typename C0, typename C1, typename C2, typename C3, typename C4, typename C5, typename C6, typename C7, typename C8, typename C9, typename ...TInterfaces>
+        struct ImplementsHelper<ChainInterfaces<C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9>, TInterfaces...> :
+            ChainInterfaces<C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9>,
+            AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type
+        {
+            template <typename ...> friend struct ImplementsHelper;
+            friend class RuntimeClassBase;
+
+        protected:
+            typedef typename AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type BaseType;
+
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv, bool *pRefDelegated = nullptr) noexcept
+            {
+                HRESULT hr = ChainInterfaces<C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9>::CanCastTo(riid, ppv);
+                if (FAILED(hr))
+                {
+                    hr = BaseType::CanCastTo(riid, ppv, pRefDelegated);
+                }
+
+                return hr;
+            }
+
+            IUnknown* CastToUnknown() noexcept
+            {
+                return ChainInterfaces<C0, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8, C9>::CastToUnknown();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Implements - template implementing QI using the information provided through its template parameters
+        // Each template parameter has to be one of the following:
+        // * COM Interface
+        // * A class that implements one or more COM interfaces
+        // * ChainInterfaces template
+        template <typename I0, typename ...TInterfaces>
+        struct Implements :
+            AdjustImplements<I0, TInterfaces...>::Type,
+            ImplementsBase
+        {
+        public:
+            typedef I0 FirstInterface;
+        protected:
+            typedef typename AdjustImplements<I0, TInterfaces...>::Type BaseType;
+            template <typename ...> friend struct ImplementsHelper;
+            friend class RuntimeClassBase;
+
+            HRESULT CanCastTo(REFIID riid, _Outptr_ void **ppv) noexcept
+            {
+                return BaseType::CanCastTo(riid, ppv);
+            }
+
+            IUnknown* CastToUnknown() noexcept
+            {
+                return BaseType::CastToUnknown();
+            }
+        };
+
+        // Used on RuntimeClass to protect it from being constructed with new
+        class DontUseNewUseMake
+        {
+        private:
+            void* operator new(size_t) noexcept
+            {
+                assert(false);
+                return 0;
+            }
+
+        public:
+            void* operator new(size_t, _In_ void* placement) noexcept
+            {
+                return placement;
+            }
+        };
+
+        template <typename ...TInterfaces>
+        class RuntimeClassImpl :
+            public AdjustImplements<TInterfaces...>::Type,
+            public RuntimeClassBase,
+            public DontUseNewUseMake
+        {
+        public:
+            STDMETHOD(QueryInterface)(REFIID riid, _Outptr_result_nullonfailure_ void **ppvObject)
+            {
+                return Super::AsIID(this, riid, ppvObject);
+            }
+
+            STDMETHOD_(ULONG, AddRef)()
+            {
+                return InternalAddRef();
+            }
+
+            STDMETHOD_(ULONG, Release)()
+            {
+                ULONG ref = InternalRelease();
+                if (ref == 0)
+                {
+                    delete this;
+                }
+
+                return ref;
+            }
+
+        protected:
+            using Super = RuntimeClassBase;
+            static const LONG c_lProtectDestruction = -(LONG_MAX / 2);
+
+            RuntimeClassImpl() noexcept = default;
+
+            virtual ~RuntimeClassImpl() noexcept
+            {
+                // Set refcount_ to -(LONG_MAX/2) to protect destruction and
+                // also catch mismatched Release in debug builds
+                refcount_ = static_cast<ULONG>(c_lProtectDestruction);
+            }
+
+            ULONG InternalAddRef() noexcept
+            {
+                return ++refcount_;
+            }
+
+            ULONG InternalRelease() noexcept
+            {
+                return --refcount_;
+            }
+
+            unsigned long GetRefCount() const noexcept
+            {
+                return refcount_;
+            }
+
+            std::atomic<ULONG> refcount_{1};
+        };
+    }
+
+    template <typename ...TInterfaces>
+    class Base : public Details::RuntimeClassImpl<TInterfaces...>
+    {
+        Base(const Base&) = delete;
+        Base& operator=(const Base&) = delete;
+
+    protected:
+        HRESULT CustomQueryInterface(REFIID /*riid*/, _Outptr_result_nullonfailure_ void** /*ppvObject*/, _Out_ bool *handled)
+        {
+            *handled = false;
+            return S_OK;
+        }
+
+    public:
+        Base() throw() = default;
+        typedef Base RuntimeClassT;
+    };
+
+    // Creates a Nano-COM object wrapped in a smart pointer.
+    template <typename T, typename ...TArgs>
+    ComPtr<T> Make(TArgs&&... args)
+    {
+        ComPtr<T> object;
+
+        std::unique_ptr<unsigned char[]> buffer(new unsigned char[sizeof(T)]);
+        if (buffer)
+        {
+            T* ptr = new (buffer.get())T(std::forward<TArgs>(args)...);
+            object.Attach(ptr);
+            buffer.release();
+        }
+
+        return object;
+    }
+
+    using Details::ChainInterfaces;
+}
+}
+
+// Overloaded global function to provide to IID_PPV_ARGS that support Details::ComPtrRef
+template<typename T>
+void** IID_PPV_ARGS_Helper(Microsoft::WRL::Details::ComPtrRef<T> pp) throw()
+{
+    return pp;
+}
\ No newline at end of file